Great Expectations By Charles Dickens - 1278 Words

Great Expectations is a suspenseful novel that was crafted by Charles Dickens. It encompasses an orphaned-low class boy, Pip, and his journey to adulthood. His childhood surrounds his aspirations to one day be a gentlemen. Throughout the novel, Pip encounters several events and faces a variety of people who all shape the person he is. Teeter-tottering between expectations vs reality, right vs wrong, and revenge vs reward, Great Expectations amplifies the struggles that an orphaned boy encountered on his way to love and success. In the novel, Pip befriends Miss Havisham. She is a lonesome, jilted bride who plays a dramatic role in Pip’s life, that is, she initiated his hopes of becoming a gentlemen. Throughout Great Expectations, it is†¦show more content†¦Some of the windows had been walled up; of those that remained, all the lower were rustily barred† (Dickens 55). This justifies that Miss Havisham willingly secludes herself from others. She confines herself i n her mansion because she believes if she does, she will not be hurt again. Another Neurotic Need that Miss Havisham displays in the uncontrollable desire to control others, specifically Estella. That girl (Estella) is hard and haughty and capricious to the last degree, and has been brought up by Miss Havisham to wreak revenge on all the male sex.† (Dickens 186). With this quote said by Herbert, he is amplifying the hatred that Miss Havisham has for men. She is so damaged and heart-broken because of what a man had done to her, so she seeks revenge. She manipulates and controls Estella to torture and hurt other men. Considering the previous, it is reasonable to suggest that Miss Havisham potentially suffers from Neurosis. It is also a possibility that Miss Havisham is affected by Emotional Deprivation Disorder. This is a disorder in which an individual exhibits severe anxiety and low self-esteem due to the lack of emotional support and strength from a spouse. â€Å"Emotional Deprivation Disorder† For the duration of the story, Miss Havisham displays inferiority by unconsciously believing that she will never have another lover again. To support her mental stupor, Miss Havisham has difficulty opening up to people and letting them in. She constantly doubtsShow MoreRelatedGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1113 Words   |  5 Pagesadventures that the male characters go on. This seems to be relevant in a lot of movies and books like the story Great Expectations by Charles Dickens. In Great Expectations there are multiple female characters like Estella, Biddy, and Miss Havisham who all play a large part in the main character, Pip’s life. One of the first that we meet the character Estella in Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations is when Pip goes to Miss Havisham’s to play with her. The two kids play the game beggar my neighbor when EstellaRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1347 Words   |  6 Pagespoor status of the economy, social mobility does not seem to be occurring at high rates, with the poor getting poorer and rich getting richer. Despite this, social mobility is alive and well, and has been for centuries. In his novel, Great Expectations, Charles Dickens voices the concerns of many that lived in Victorian England during the 19th century by promoting such a desire to live life in a more prosperous social class. One of the most fundamental and reoccurring themes in the novel is that ofRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1426 Words   |  6 Pages Twelve-year-old Charles dickens gets ready for bed after a long day at the blacking house. These Victorian-aged memories will provide him with many ideas for his highly acclaimed novel Great Expectations. Set in 1830 England, Great Expectations is a coming-of-age story about a common innocent boy named Pip and his road to becoming a gentleman through the influence of others. Pip is influenced both positively and negatively by Estella, Herbert, and Magwitch. Estella left a huge impression on PipRead MoreGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens984 Words   |  4 PagesCharles Dickens utilizes his life for inspiration for the protagonist Pip in his novel Great Expectations. They both struggle with their social standing. Dickens loved plays and theatre and therefore incorporated them into Pip’s life. Dickens died happy in the middle class and Pip died happy in the middle class. The connection Dickens makes with his life to Pip’s life is undeniable. If readers understand Dickens and his upbringing then readers can understand how and why he created Pip’s upbringingRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations943 Words   |  4 Pages This is true in many cases but none as much as in Great Expectations. In many ways the narrator/protagonist Pip is Charles Dickens in body and mind. While there are many differences between the story and Charles Dickens life there remains one constant. This constant is the way Pip as the narra tor feels, because these feelings are Dickens s own feelings about the life he lead. Since Great Expectations was written towards end of Charles Dickens life, he was wiser and able to make out the mistakesRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1375 Words   |  6 PagesGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens and The Talented Mr Ripley by Anthony Minghella present similar criticisms of society to a large extent. Both of these texts consider the criticisms of rich social contexts (wealth and status), societal morality (whether a society is good or not. Status [can lead to the wrong people being in a high position i.e. making bad decisions affecting the community/society] Appearance [society appears to be moral/good (if you’re from a higher status) {dickens criticisesRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1223 Words   |  5 PagesBeloved author Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812 in Portsmouth, England. Growing up in a life of poverty, his childhood hardshi ps provided the inspiration to write a myriad of classic novels including his 1861 seminole masterpiece, Great Expectations (â€Å"BBC History - Charles Dickens†). Great Expectations follows the life of an orphan named Pip, who’s perspective of the world is altered when he is attacked by an escaped convict in his parents’ graveyard in the town of Kent. Throughout hisRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens924 Words   |  4 Pagesa character driven novel, or a mix of the two. In order for a novel to be character driven, it must revolve more around the characters’ individual thoughts, feelings, and inner struggles, rather than around the quest of the story. Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens, is a character driven novel. While the story does have a plot, it is not contingent upon that plot, but rather is reliant upon its characters and their natures. This is evident from the beginning of the novel. From the opening ofRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1669 Words   |  7 PagesCharles Dickens He was one of England s greatest authors of the 1800 s, better known as the Victorian era. The various themes and ideas of that time are perfectly showcased in his many novels and short stories, such as Nicholas Nickelby, Great Expectations, Oliver Twist, A Tale of Two Cities, and A Christmas Carol. Much of the inspiration for these works came from the trials and conflicts that he dealt with in his own life. His volumes of fictional writing show the greatRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1017 Words   |  5 Pagesexperiencer is somewhere else absorbing knowledge of a different setting.This abstract adventure is seized by author Charles Dickens in Great Expectations. Great Expectations is historical fiction giving readers comprehension of the Victorian Era.Upon the reading, readers begin to catch on the intended purpose and its significance. A person who lived during the Victorian Era was Charles Dickens himself.He grew up during a time where differences in social class were to an extreme degree.Dickens went through

Diabetic Nephropathy The Leading Cause Of Chronic Kidney...

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the leading causes of chronic kidney diseases worldwide and most of the affected patients have T2DM. A considerable number of patients newly diagnosed with T2DM may already have developed nephropathy due to a preceding period of undiagnosed diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance [11]. According to the classification of American Diabetes Association, DN is divided into three stages, incipient nephropathy (micro-albuminuria), clinical diabetic nephropathy (macro-albuminuria) and ESRD. To diagnose those DN patients in its early stage can effectively prevent or delay the progression to ESRD [12]. Renal biopsy is a useful way to diagnose DN but is an invasive method so we are in need to simple, accurate and non-invasive test for early diagnosis and/or monitoring DN progression [13]. Several mechanisms, including hyperglycemia, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), oxidative stress, and inflammation are the main contributors to DN pathogenesis through activation of nuclear factor ÃŽ ºB (NF-ÃŽ ºB) signaling which is the key regulator of inflammation and apoptosis [14]. TLRs have been implicated in diabetes-induced inflammation and vascular complications. TLRs recognize various damage-associated molecular patterns such as heat-shock proteins, fatty acids, ox-LDLs and AGEs. Activation of the immuno-inflammatory reactions through TLR4 was supposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of DN [15]. This current study revealed up-regulation of TLR4 inShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On The Major Micro Vascular Complication Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus1685 Words   |  7 PagesBackground: Diabetic nephropathy is the major micro-vascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is the main cause for end-stage kidney disease. In view of metabolic derangements of T2DM, we went further to investigate the role played by oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), lipocalin-2 (LCN2), and omentin-1 in DN. Patients and methods: 15 normo-albuminuria T2DM, 15 micro-albuminuria T2DM and 15 macro-albuminuria T2DM in addition to 15 heal thy volunteerRead MoreClinical And Metabolic Characteristics Of The Studied Groups1574 Words   |  7 Pagesdifference in age, body mass index between the studied groups. Meanwhile, there were statistically significant increase in disease duration; TG, TC, FBG levels and HbA1C percentage in diabetic cases when compared to their allied control group with higher values were for macro-albuminuria T2DM group. LDL-C and HDL-C levels showed statistically significant difference in diabetic cases when compared to their allied control group but with no difference between micro and macro albuminuria T2DM groups.Read MoreDiabetes Mellitus : A Serious Chronic Metabolic Disorder Associated With High Blood Sugar2086 Words   |  9 Pages Diabetes Mellitus MED 2056 Michela Leytham 12/7/2014 FT029 Jessica Ferreira Diabetes Mellitus is a serious chronic metabolic disorder associated with high blood sugar that affects the body’s ability to metabolize nutrients and use them as fuel. Normally the body uses carbohydrates and sugars that are eaten and breaks them down into a usable sugar in the body called glucose. Glucose has the ability to fuelRead MoreThe Health Problem Surrounding Type 1 Diabetes2334 Words   |  10 PagesSearch Strategy A thorough research of the existing literature regarding Type 1 Diabetes was conducted. The search engines used were: EBSCO Host, ProQuest, Canada Context and CINAHL. The key words used were: epidemiology, Type 1 diabetes, causes for Type 1 Diabetes, Juvenile Diabetes, risk factors, treatment and susceptibility. This search produced over 1000 articles pertaining to this specific health issue. Of these, 200 were peer-reviewed. Of the 200 peer-reviewed, 123 were conducted in

Caterina Coluccia Essay Example For Students

Caterina Coluccia Essay Dear Father, I am aware that you are not in this world anymore. I will try, with the hope that you will perceive my words and emotions sooner or later. It has been a long time since the last time I saw you. You are only a blurred image in my desolate and lonely memories. I have been suffering very much, but as people always told me, suffering makes your heart stronger and capable of greater endurance and perseverance. I got accustomed to letting bad memories and negative events flow without harming me. Father, if only you knew how much I longed for your guiding paternal hand and manly figure to raise me and hold my hand through the long journey called growth. With the passing of time, I learned to appear untroubled and delighted. I began to realise that if I wanted a jubilant life I should have laboured for it. I did. I have felt used and mistreated by many people indeed, and example could be the way in which Mr Rochester tricked me. I have no vague idea of the reasoning behind this lie, but what I do know is that there is no need of causing unnecessary discomfort and pain. Roughly one month ago, I imagine it was during the month of March, according to he Gregorian calendar, I met the man whom I considered to be the most special presence in my life, although he hurt me very much. His name is Edward Rochester, he is a man of very little words, who doesnt embrace the use of language as a way of communicating, but indeed prefers the interchange of looks. I met Edward at Thornfield Hall. He is my master. At first he did not even look into my direction, I thought he was not aware of my existence. I felt ignored and abandoned, generally my relationships with everybody were tightly related to work. I had nobody with whom I could share my feelings and emotions. After months slipped away, without ever receiving even a simple glance from Mr Rochester, that became even more austere than he was when I had first met him, we began to share smiles and glances. Every time I accidentally met Edward in the long and dark corridors of Thornfield Hall, I felt guilty of being outside my designated wing of the house. When this happened, Mrs. Fairfax usually reproached me, for having forgotten to remain in my lonely region. I could not tolerate this terrible undeserved treatment. I was being treated as a piece of cloth, without feelings or emotions. I had to bring this to an end. I decided to go personally to Mr. Rochester, and demand more respect since I was dedicating myself entirely to the education of his daughter. After I approached him, he appeared petrified, disturbed and awakened. He remained silent for an indefinable amount of time and then pronounced a simple, monosyllable. Leave. After this episode occurred, I never dared to approach him anymore. Then, an extraordinary event happened. He approached me declaring his immense love for me, Jane Eyre. Ours became a strong friendship; I took a long while to discover this feeling, since I had never experienced it. Time went by, and what I considered friendship and what he considered love, turned into me feeling deeply affectionate to him, and eventually I felt love. We shared intimacy, endearment, devotion and even adoration. It was the first time I had ever felt loved and cared for. I worshipped Edward Rochester. Now, every time I see him, my heart skips a beat, and I truly know that he has been the right person to fill and take a steady place in my heart. But I do not feel the same way at present. He has torn and ripped my heart into millions of tiny little parts. I didnt deserve such a lie. Did I do something wrong? .u5a11be4d8139f0bd9975441f337314c7 , .u5a11be4d8139f0bd9975441f337314c7 .postImageUrl , .u5a11be4d8139f0bd9975441f337314c7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5a11be4d8139f0bd9975441f337314c7 , .u5a11be4d8139f0bd9975441f337314c7:hover , .u5a11be4d8139f0bd9975441f337314c7:visited , .u5a11be4d8139f0bd9975441f337314c7:active { border:0!important; } .u5a11be4d8139f0bd9975441f337314c7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5a11be4d8139f0bd9975441f337314c7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5a11be4d8139f0bd9975441f337314c7:active , .u5a11be4d8139f0bd9975441f337314c7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5a11be4d8139f0bd9975441f337314c7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5a11be4d8139f0bd9975441f337314c7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5a11be4d8139f0bd9975441f337314c7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5a11be4d8139f0bd9975441f337314c7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5a11be4d8139f0bd9975441f337314c7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5a11be4d8139f0bd9975441f337314c7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5a11be4d8139f0bd9975441f337314c7 .u5a11be4d8139f0bd9975441f337314c7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5a11be4d8139f0bd9975441f337314c7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Christianity. Christianity started a long time ago EssayI discovered through Mr. Mason, that Edward was already married. The complication arose when I discovered it, which was the day of our wedding. Although I now refuse to give him another chance, because I feel used and manoeuvred as if I were a woollen doll, I still indeed love him. Edward, a superior, elegant and charming person desires to remain with me, a simple plebeian, until death, I do not wish to remain with a person whom has had the courage of hiding his former wife, Bertha Mason, from myself. Not only hiding her from me, but being able to hide her from my in the house I am living in and working in. I am disgusted, repelled and nauseated from Edward. He knew I loved him, and desired him. I have been composing pieces of poetry in the past years. I have had to release my feelings in a way, and I have found poetry. Edward. The moment I met you something changed. You are my master and I am your slave, I need your directions to survive. You have saved me from loneliness, But stabbed my heart. When I will be older I will remember, How you let my weak heart bleed. Father. I indeed hope not to have nauseated your soul with my obsessive focus on the man I have loved, love, and will love. I am sure you understand my present situation and feeling. You should be able to understand my state. I am in unexplored land. Every move I make and every direction in which I go, takes me somewhere where I have never been. Father, I am fearful. Even if I know you are not in this world, I hope you will in some way feel that I have searched you, in someway. I have grown up alone, and I must be able to overcome a feeling such as love. It cannot be so complex. At least, I imagine it is not minimally comparable to things I have overcome, this will be hopefully simpler. I pray that my life will someday smile to me, and become as beautiful, clear, fine and cloudless as a June morning. I pray that my life will someday become like a blooming rose. I pray that my life will become joyful and filled with the true sentiment of love. Father. Although I do not have vivid memories of your presence in my existence, I send you my love and my most sincere wishes to accomplish the life that you have desired.

English As First Language Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the English As First Language. Answer: Introduction Question and answer is the method I selected for teaching in the classroom. I pose some questions to the student, and students are expected to answer the question ("Methods of Teaching in the Classroom | Education.com," 2017). This technique requires students reflection hence involve evaluation and new information synthesis.As it has been illustrated in the video, I will go through the previous lessons and asks the students some questions based on the previously learned lesson. The question and answer technique try to explain that the students and then I do have common knowledge of the subject under discussion. This technique comprises of three different approaches: The First approach, the students can question the teacher. I need to have vast knowledge to answer the questions appropriately. I might not have all the answers, but part of being a teacher is being prepared to deal with the unexpected questions. The second approach is whereby the I poses the questions to the student ("Me thods of Teaching in the Classroom | Education.com," 2017).As it is illustrated in the video, I posted a question to the students asking them to write common illnesses on the board. The students were also to have a look at the pictures on the activity sheet and explain the problem that each person encountered. This activity was targeted to enable students to think critically and come up with the necessary judgment. Lastly, this technique approach aims at encouraging students to have a different thought, and it also stimulates thinking. In this method, then I pose a challenge to the student to synthesize new knowledge based on prior experience. Giving Methodology I selected PPP(presentation, practice, and production) which is an outdated model for use in the teaching for institute of language lessons, in the course book and classroom("Teaching approaches: task-based learning", 2017). This model provides me with a platform whereby I can present items for individual language: then the students practice it through a written task and spoken word. As illustrated in the video I narrate a story to the students and ask them questions. I expect the students to write answers to the questions on the board on what they can remember. I selected PPP methodology because it offers many advantages. First, it reflects how many people expect to learn a new language. Secondly, PPP is best suited for teaching English as second language, since it is easier for students to grasp the knowledge(Introduction to PPP(3Ps)methodology for TEFL(with Videos),2017 Teacher talk Teacher talk in English as second language classroom was well-thought-out to a challenging area for English tutors. To overcome this challenge; I did little discussion in class and gave an opportunity to the students to do a lot of talking. It was perceived that too much talk by the teacher did not provide the students with the chance to speak. Useful tutor talk should be judged based on the ability of its efficiency in facilitating classroom interaction and communication promotion.My speech in the classroom was communicative because it promoted good classroom interaction. My talk in class was comprised of, adjustment in my vocabulary that I use while talking to the students, my reaction when a student makes an error while answering a question. Implementation Designing and implementing student learning environment was more comfortable, once I was familiar with the student, and their ability to communicate with one another ("Lesson Design amp; Implementation," 2017). A good design lesson begins with I reflecting on the previously taught experience to bring familiarity of what I was going to teach about, through group discussions. Often I pose during the lesson to ask straightforward questions to see whether the students understand. On the other hand, then I might give out an activity to the student for them to handle. There is a variety of ways of implementing a multimedia in tutoring English listening skills, such as using multimedia interactive learning materials. This can motivate students because the listen, view text and watch the video. At such moments the learning consists of listening skills which are subdivided into audio and text then an exercise. Although at some moments I do assume that students are keenly attentive through lis tening, that might not be the case. The students can also be allowed to do a question and answer task between them. This activity will boost the morale of the students and eagerness to learn more of English. According to Hofstetter(2001), multimedia are efficient for computers to combine text and create audio which enables the user to communicate, Crete and interact. The use of multimedia materials gives the students an opportunity to achieve projected skills. Interactive multimedia can make a learning experience more exciting and motivate students to learn (Rusmanto,2012). There are various ways of improving lesson design and implementation: First, I might decide to use students knowledge from the previous lesson. This might be achieved by starting the class with a review of previous class by asking students to discuss the past reading. Encourage students to reflect on personal experience through asking them to interpret diagrams that incorporate the previous work. Secondly, giving the students a sense of belonging to the learning community that creates ideas and explores content that determines the direction in which the lesson will take ("Lesson Design amp; Implementation," 2017). Classroom management Classroom management is the most crucial part of being a tutor ("Classroom Management Strategies for ESL Teachers," 2017).Classroom management is how I organize the student learning through being in control of everything that happens in class.I used different approaches during the lesson: I chose to teach the class as a whole and later pair them into groups.Learning as a whole has the following advantages: First, I have all the students attention. Secondly, it creates a sense of belonging whereby the students all have a common goal. Thirdly it helps in building a good rapport with the students, through knowledge sharing and humor. Lastly, this kind of teaching favors the introvert students. On the other hand, pair group learning has its merits: First, through group work, the students increase their opportunity to learning a new language. Secondly, group work motivates learners since every member of the group is expected to contribute to the studies. Lastly, group work brings a lot o f improvement to student talk quality. Whiteboards is usually a white surface for non-permanent markings. It is a smoother surface which allows rapid marking and erasing of the marking on the surface ("Whiteboard", 2017).While using the whiteboard, some guidelines should be observed: I must ensure writing is large enough to be readable by all students. Different colors should be used, but I must be careful while choosing. I should ensure that I clean during lessons and before leaving the room. Conclusion While conducting a learning process for the student, learning English as a second language, and using the question and answer technique, I had the following consideration: First, I should be very attentive in the classroom. I had to make the lesson more interactive with the students .through this interaction; I recognized the areas where the students were facing challenges and addressed them. Students motivation to learn a second language will depend on the way I present ideas in class. Secondly, there is need to ensure that learners hear and see the second language easily. In cases whereby I used whiteboard during the lesson, I ensured that the points are well organized .during instances that I used images during teaching, I ensured that the images are clear and not ambiguous. Lastly, I gave students many opportunities to speak during class time and corrected fundamental mistakes done by the student. This technique for teaching made the lessons so successful, and lessons objectives were achieved. I will use this method over and over again in the coming lessons. References Classroom Management Strategies for ESL Teachers. (2017). Go Overseas. Retrieved 11 November 2017, from https://www.gooverseas.com/blog/classroom-management-strategies-for-esl-teachers Introduction to PPP (3Ps) methodology for TEFL (with Videos). (2017). Seetefl.com. Retrieved 11 November 2017, from https://seetefl.com/ppp-tefl-teaching-methodology/ Lesson Design amp; Implementation. (2017). Classroom Observation Project. Retrieved 11 November 2017, from https://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/certop/imp_design.html Methods of Teaching in the Classroom | Education.com. (2017). Education.com. Retrieved 11 November 2017, from https://www.education.com/reference/article/methods-teaching-classroom/ Progress, Plans Problems (PPP) methodology - Weekdone. (2017). Weekdone. Retrieved 11 November 2017, from https://blog.weekdone.com/faqs/implementation-guide/progress-plans-problems/ Rusmanto. (2012). Media pembelajaran multimedia. Retrieved from https://ojonx.wordpress.com/2013/01/21/media-pembel ajaran-multimedia-interaktif-yang-baik Teaching approaches: task-based learning. (2017). Onestopenglish. Retrieved 11 November 2017, from https://www.onestopenglish.com/methodology/teaching-articles/teaching-approaches/teaching-approaches-task-based-learning/146502.article Whiteboard. (2017). En.wikipedia.org. Retrieved 11 November 2017, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whiteboard Why Talk Is Important in Classrooms. (2017). Ascd.org. Retrieved 11 November 2017, from https://www.ascd.org/publications/books/108035/chapters/Why-Talk-Is-Important-in-Classrooms.aspx

What Should An Educated Person Read Brave New World Essay Example For Students

What Should An Educated Person Read Brave New World Essay Brave New World Brave New World As man has progressed through the ages, there has been, essentially, one purpose. That purpose is to arrive at a utopian society, where everyone is happy, disease is nonexistent, and strife, anger, or sadness are unheard of. Only happiness exists. But when confronted with Aldous Huxleys Brave New World, we come to realize that this is not, in fact, what the human soul really craves. In fact, Utopian societies are much worse than those of today. In a utopian society, the individual, who among others composes the society, is lost in the melting pot of semblance and world of uninterest. In the science fiction book Brave New World, we are confronted with a man, Bernard Marx. We will write a custom essay on What Should An Educated Person Read Brave New World specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Bernard is inadequate to his collegues. So he resorts to entertaining himself most evenings, without the company of a woman. This encourages his individual thought, and he realizes that independent thought is rewarding, and that he must strive to become a real individual. Although this is true to a certain extent, Bernard does not realize that he would much rather attain social recognition. At least, not until the opportunity presents itself. Thus, through a series of events, Bernard uses the curiosity of the society to his advantage, fulfilling his subconscious wish of becoming someone important; a recognized name in the jumble of society. This ends when the curiosity of others ends, and as a supreme result of his arrogant behavior, he is exiled. The instigator of this curiosity as well as the author of Bernards fame (and folly), is an outsider know as the Savage. The Savage is brought in from outside of the utopian society by Bernard as an experiment. He faces civilized society with a bright outlook, but eventually comes to hate it bitterly. Lenina, the supporting role of the novel, is the most pronounced example of the ideal citizen. She adheres to the principles of the society without so much as a second thought. In the utopian society that Huxley presents, everyone is happy. There are no differences. Everyone is brought up to be happy, and most do not even know what sadness or anger is. All is cured artificially through surrogates or drugs. Even happiness alone is not unique to the individual. Soma, the hallucinatory drug, the perfect drug that is used by all, even induces the same kind of happiness. The only variant is to what extent this happiness overwhelms the user (one or two half-gramme tablets?). Everybody belongs to everyone else (127) is the basic psychology of the society. This suggests that an individual owes everything to society, but society in turn owes everything to him or her. This applies to all. No one capitalizes on the efforts of others and no one performs excessive manual labor for minimum wage. Everyone is the same. In Huxleys perfect world, sex is a mundane undertaking. It happens to each individual almost every night. And no one knows what marriage is. They simply have each other and . . move on. All for one and one for all. Everyone is the same in bed. The inhabitants of this society are not given any sort of mental flexibility. If you spend time alone, or think, you are considered strange, and are considered an outcast. Nobody wishes for this, and so correspondingly nobody commits this unspeakable crime. Everyone goes out at night with a different partner, or takes a few grammes of soma and goes to bed for a soma-holiday. Nothing new, nothing different. Each person of this society has a predestined future. They all develop in their fetal stages inside a jar, where they are provided with their needs, are vaccinated against all known diseases. Also, special treatments are performed to aid in the mental growth (or standstill) of the individual after birth, according to their future occupation. The first of a batch of two hundred and fifty embryonic rocket-plane engineers was just passing the eleven hundredth metre mark on Rack 3. .uf76633a0597a7040d57212110a156276 , .uf76633a0597a7040d57212110a156276 .postImageUrl , .uf76633a0597a7040d57212110a156276 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf76633a0597a7040d57212110a156276 , .uf76633a0597a7040d57212110a156276:hover , .uf76633a0597a7040d57212110a156276:visited , .uf76633a0597a7040d57212110a156276:active { border:0!important; } .uf76633a0597a7040d57212110a156276 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf76633a0597a7040d57212110a156276 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf76633a0597a7040d57212110a156276:active , .uf76633a0597a7040d57212110a156276:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf76633a0597a7040d57212110a156276 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf76633a0597a7040d57212110a156276 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf76633a0597a7040d57212110a156276 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf76633a0597a7040d57212110a156276 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf76633a0597a7040d57212110a156276:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf76633a0597a7040d57212110a156276 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf76633a0597a7040d57212110a156276 .uf76633a0597a7040d57212110a156276-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf76633a0597a7040d57212110a156276:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Truth To A Ballad Essay A special mechanism kept their containers in constant rotation. `To improve their sense of balance, Mr. Foster explained. `Doing repairs on the outside of a rocket in mid air is a ticklish job. We slacken off the circulation when theyre right way up, so that theyre half starved, and double the flow of surrogate when theyre upside down. They learn to associate topsy- turvydom with well being; in fact, theyre only truly happy when theyre standing on their heads. (32) All two hundred and fifty beings will be the same they will look alike, talk alike, act alike, have the same job, and generally be the same people inside different media. One never knows which is which. After birth, all children are mentally conditioned to think and act with the same motives. Through hypnopaedia, all of the basic rules of the society are learned by the children, and they learn to repeat and obide by these rules. There are no chances for anyone to develop any differences. Or if they do, they are exiled so that they cannot influence those around them. Nothing changes, including the government and the lifestyle of the inhabitants. Last and most importantly, the Bokanovsky method of reproducing causes great numbers of genetically identical human beings (up to 96 at a time from a single egg alone). As well, the same ovary can be used to produce over seventeen thousand individuals with the same basic genetic background. Everyone is the same. Same birth, same upbringing, same lifestyle. Any differences are remedied immediately. Huxley presents the ultimate in utopian societies. But nobody is open for mental growth. All are limited to set barriers. Although this would appear a perfect society at first, it becomes obvious later on in the novel that the race will no longer evolve. Nobody will have new ideas. Nobody will improve on society. Nothing will change. This is not what the human race desires. It desires to acquire knowledge, unceasingly and neverendingly. Without this advantage, we will go mad.

Early Childhood and There Development Essays - Psychiatric Diagnosis

Early Childhood and There Development Essays - Psychiatric Diagnosis Early Childhood and There Development Early Childhood and There Development University of Phoenix PSY/103 OPHELIA BINKLEY-WEBB July 26, 2015 When a child is born, he has a unique set of genetic instructions that influence his physical growth. According to the University of Minnesota, genetics have a strong effect on rate of growth, the size of body parts and the onset of growth events. In a study performed by Dr. Stefan A. Czerwinski at the University of Minnesota he and many of his colleagues followed multiple subjects for thirty years. By using such parental measurements as height and weight, these scientists were able to predict quite accurately the approximate height and weight of their subjects at the age of thirty. Other factors found to be closely linked to their parental values were blood pressure and body fat percentage, as well as muscle and total body mass (American Journal of Human Biology, September 2007) Many factors contribute to a child and the development between the ages of one to six years old, starting with the genetic makeup of the child with in there self. Many illnesses and deformities are not identified when a child is initially born or still in the womb. Many have to be identified in at a range of ages of one and six known as early childhood. One of the most common is Autism. Autism is a spectrum of closely related disorders with a shared core of symptoms. Autism spectrum disorders sometimes appear in infancy but are largely identified in early childhood, causing delays in many basic areas of development such as learning to talk, play, and interact with others. (Melinda Smith, M.A., Jeanne Segal, Ph.D., 2015). Another disorder that is not usually detected until early child hood is Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder commonly known as ADHD. This condition typically includes symptoms in three categories: difficulty paying attention, hyperactivity and impulsive behavior. Some children with ADHD have symptoms in all of these categories, while others may have symptoms in only one. Many misdiagnoses have had Autism misconstrued with ADHD, and while many of the same medication exist for both elements some avenues are treated differently when delivering aid in many sorts. Many environmental issues can also cause issues with children in the early childhood stage. While there are genetic factors that cause issues and develop issues in children such as leukemia or asthma there are more environmental issues that cause such a problem. Despite the important contribution of traffic sources to urban air quality, relatively few studies have evaluated the effects of traffic-related air pollution on health, such as its influence on the development of asthma and other childhood respiratory diseases. Examinations were done to show the relationship between traffic-related air pollution and the development of asthmatic, and or allergic symptoms and respiratory infections in an early childhood study in the Netherlands. A validated model was used to assign outdoor concentrations of traffic-related air pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide and soot at the home of each subject of the cohort. Questionnaire-derived data on wheezing, dry nighttime cough, ear, nose, and throa t infections, skin rash, and physician-diagnosed asthma, bronchitis, influenza, and eczema at 2 years of age were analyzed in relation to air pollutants. Adjusted odds ratios for wheezing, physician-diagnosed asthma, ear, nose, throat infections, and flu, serious colds indicated positive associations with air pollutants, some of which reached borderline statistical significance. No associations were observed for the other health outcomes analyzed. Sensitivity analyses generally supported these results and suggested somewhat stronger associations with traffic, for asthma that was diagnosed between one and five year of age. These findings are subject to confirmation at older ages, when asthma can be more readily diagnosed. Although environmental and biological issues play a large part in how a child is development the cognitive development is much more important. By ages 2 to 5 years, most children have developed the skills to focus attention for extended periods, recognize previously encountered information, recall old information, and reconstruct it in the present. For example, a 4-year-old can remember what she did at Christmas and tell her friend about it when she returns to preschool after the holiday. Between the ages of 2 and 5, long-term memory also begins to form, which is why most people cannot remember

Vies Assertion About Technology and Society Essay

Vies Assertion About Technology and Society - Essay Example When I get up in the morning, the first thing I do is check the skype messages on my mobile phone to see what my dudes had to say to me overnight. I don’t leave the bed until all messages have been attended to. In the school, I discuss latest Apple apps with my friends. My connection with friends remains open full time in the school because one of the sites that always remains browsed on my computer screen is facebook. When I get back home, I remain in contact with my friends and brothers upon massively multiplayer online games. They consume most of my time. An insight to my daily routine suggests that my social relations have been enhanced because of the 24/7 use of digital technology, though only to a certain group of people i.e. my friends. In my childhood, when I did not have a computer and there was no such thing as skype or facebook, I used to spend more time with mom, dad, grandpa and granny. I used to sit with them, have lunch, dinner, tea and coffee with them. My grandma narrated me stories and I went jogging with dad. I discussed with mom what happened in the school. But all these golden moments have been swiped away from my life by the technology. Digital technology has also changed the way I perceive myself. This is unfortunate but the change has occurred for the worse. Before, I used to feel that my blood relatives have more right upon me but with the passage of time, I have become more independent. I don’t want to think like this but I have become more of a public property than my family’s. Digital technology has increased my social networking with people of my age and distorted my social network with people elder or younger to me. Digital technology has particularly promoted my relations with people, who I am not related to by blood and weakened my tied with my blood relatives.

Supermax facilities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Supermax facilities - Essay Example The reality cannot be worse for a prisoner in solitary confinement in a physically cramped condition for years with no social contact. The supermax reforms require an environment to which the inmates can relate both physically and socio-psychologically. It has to provide them with recreations, social interactions and activities in a way that would not contain even the subtlest hint of force. We have to stop the crude system of continuous watching and monitoring of each movement of the prisoners that reinforce in them the feeling of being no better than caged animals. More space needs to be created in these "modern-day dungeons" (Pupovac, 2008) that have become unmanageable for the sheer number of prisoners. I suggest humane practices like touching the prisoner with bare hand by the guards and not by wearing gloves and removal of the glass barrier to allow the prisoner to have a better communication with family and friends. These measures are necessary to convey to the prisoners that they are in the supermax for rehabilitation and not for cruel punishment. Training of the correctional administrators should include the very relevance of the prison system with emphasis on developing processes to make it more humane. In spite of the transition from the Big House to Contemporary Prisons and evolving race relations policy, racial discrimination is still visible in U.S. prisons.

The design of an automated external defibrillator Essay

The design of an automated external defibrillator - Essay Example As such, this paper seeks to highlight the defibrillator in relation to the history, functional components and human engineering considerations. Defibrillators United Kingdom is faced with health crisis with the high incidences of heart attacks among its citizens. These indices are reportedly some of the highest in the world with cardiovascular diseases causing more deaths annually than any other disease or condition. It is estimated that of the 150,000 people who have heart attacks annually, 94,000 of them die owing to various variables (Handler and Coghlan 2008). Research indicates that over one million people over the age of 35 in the United Kingdom have suffered a heart attack, and a third of these victim die before getting to the hospital. The scale of the burden is felt in the economy with escalating costs of health care as indicated by the billions spent annually by the UK government on cardiovascular diseases (Handler and Coghlan 2008). The relatively high incidences of heart attacks in UK are of great concern to health care professionals and other stakeholders, which have seen them, consolidate their efforts in order to reduce the effects. Stakeholders such as medical engineers and manufacturers team up with healthcare professionals in an effort to brainstorm on the possible solutions in line with technological advances. This front has seen the successful adoption and incorporation of technology in healthcare facilities in form of medical devices. According to the European Union definition, a medical device is an apparatus or instrument that is designed for preventative, diagnostic, monitoring, or therapeutic purposes and its purpose is not achieved through pharmacological, immunological or metabolic means (Krutmann 2011). Similarly, the mode of action of medical devices is not through chemical action in a patient’s body, although may be assisted in its functions through such means. As such, it is essential that medical devices exceed the thresh old under the European Union regulations, which call for detailed records of the products, designing and construction is limited to qualified personnel, and comprehensive risk assessment should be done (Jacobson and Murray 2007). The key function of a medical device can be illustrated from scientific information quoted by the manufacturer in line with functional principle and the manufacturer’s labelling. Medical devices vary in their capacity and level of sophistication ranging from tongue depressors to haemodialysis equipment. Owing to the role played by medical devices in the provision of healthcare services, it is critical that appropriate guidelines and regulations are adhered to (Kramer, Xu and Kesselheim, 2012). It is for this reason that biomedical engineering steps in to fill embark on the key aspects of medical devices that involve initial designing, system analysis and practical application to ensure quality and efficient products. Among the medical devices are def ibrillators, which play a crucial role in the relieving heart attacks in areas away from medical facilities. This paper seeks to highlight defibrillators as a medical device while focussing on their history, scope of application and safety aspects of the device with regard to human factors engineering. Fibrillation is characterised by accelerated and irregular contraction of heart muscle fibres, which is attributed to a deranged electrical activity of the heart. Fibrillation

Carlos Ghosn At Nissan An Evaluation Management Essay

Carlos Ghosn At Nissan An Evaluation Management Essay In 1999 Renualt and Nissan formed an alliance, as both companies could benefit from each other. Renualt needed a partner that could enhance their global position and Nissan had been looking for a strategic partner because they needed financial support after their credit rating was announced to be lowered to junk status, mainly due to the Asian financial crisis. The alliance should also contribute to new management ideas for Nissan to turnaround their seven out of eight year deficit. Carlos Ghosn was the guy to help Nissan to do this. The challenges that Ghosn faced were among others resistance to change, Japanese culture and communication problems. Ghosn promised that if he hadnt changed the deficit to a profit within two years, he would step down from his job at Nissan. He managed to turnaround Nissan in just eighteen months. Evaluation of Carlos Ghosn approach The evaluation of Ghosn approach to the turnaround of Nissan is addressing the following aspects. At the end of the paper the actual evaluation will be stated. Resistance to change When strategic changes are going to be implemented in companies, resistance to change almost always appears, and Nissan were no exception. The resistance in Nissan occurred because the Japanese culture is bureaucratic and focuses on social harmony. But organizational culture also caused some resistance from the employees. With that said I dont think that the employees where that resistant. It sounds like the employees knew that the situation was serious, and they didnt want to lose their job. As stated later in the paper, the mindset of the employees change and that the changes happened very fast. Some of the main causes of resistance are unawareness of what and why things are changing and lack of communication from the leader to the employees (Ford 2009). The first thing Ghosn embrace is exactly those things, and thereby avoid resistance concerning those causes. Tina Nielsen Strategy Execution 48-hour exam 050684-1216 CM-J41 Oktober 29th 2010 Page | 4 Reasons for resistance Despite of the things Ghosn do to avoid resistance, there is some resistance from the employees. The causes for resistance are seen below: No guaranty of lifetime employment Promotion based on performance instead of seniority and education (Nennkou-Jyoretu philosophy) Ghosn encouraged risk-taking Matrix structure The changes for the employees were thus large, as their whole business mindset had to change. The causes are described in the following: Lifetime employment was security for the employees as they knew that they would never lose the job. The Japanese government would bail the company out if they were in financial trouble. This, though, werent the case for the major financial house, Yamaichi, which went bankrupt and not saved by the government just before Ghosn came to Japan (case: C551). This changed the employees mindset so they got a sense of urgency of getting Nissan to perform well again or else they could lose their job. A big resistance from the employees was the promotion of younger leaders over older, longer-serving employees. The Nennkou-Jyoretu philosophy did no longer exist, as Ghosn wanted to promote risk-taking and personal accountability and responsibility. This was done by introducing performance based incentive systems, which included cash incentives and stock options for achievements directly linked to successful operating profit and revenue (case:C553). The change of the promotion system would course some resistance from the employees that were up for a promotion, but didnt get it because of the new system. This could create a dis-motivating problem that Nissan has to consider and exterminate. The reason for changing the promotion system was to encourage risk taking. The Nemawashi philosophy destroyed the effectiveness of decision making in Nissan and other Japanese companies. These informal meeting before information meeting was Tina Nielsen Strategy Execution 48-hour exam 050684-1216 CM-J41 Oktober 29th 2010 Page | 5 held to protect the individual from making bad decisions, and in the previous promotion system, the only thing preventing the employee of a career advancement what failure and mistakes. This Ghosn changed as he wanted the employees to think, take responsibility and be accountable for what they did. Every report that the employees handed in had to be accurate and the employees was held accountable for what was stated in the report. Ghosn changed the organizational structure to a matrix structure. This meant that every employee will have two bosses; a functional and a regional. The often fatal weakness of this structure is the discussions among employees from different departments about resource allocation (KaplanNorton 2006), and thereby cause resistance to the change. It was not only the employees that were resistance to change. Business analysts and the media both criticized Ghosn for going against the Japanese culture by firing people that not met targets, this also let to a nickname: the foreigner (case: C552). The government responded to this change of business culture by offering subsidies and programs for the affected employees, probably because they saw the rational of not bailing companies out of their crisis, just because they didnt manage their company well. Organizational culture To turn Nissans deficit to a profit, the corporate culture had to change. The Japanese culture had a big impact on how the corporate culture was, but some of the problems at Nissan where not normally seen in other Japanese companies. On top of the problems Ghosn states (see case: C549), there are some other organizational problems. These problems were: Follow-up on decision was not effective Top management had created tunnel vision regarding market share instead of profit à   created unprofitable products Communication problems through the layers Tina Nielsen Strategy Execution 48-hour exam 050684-1216 CM-J41 Oktober 29th 2010 Page | 6 Top management did not follow up effectively on decisions, which made it difficult to know which decisions were successful and which were bad. The consequence is that Nissan doesnt learn of their mistakes and thereby cannot use the lesson learn from bad decision or the experience from good decisions to future decision making. Top management focused on market share instead of profit, which created unprofitable products as listed in the case: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ only four out of 43 models turned a profit. (Case: C546). The reason for this focus was the maintenance of company size and staff. This corporate problem stem from the long standing partnership between the government and major businesses to ensure lifelong employment. As there was no guaranty at being bail out by the government, Nissans strategic focus has to change to regard profit instead of market share. The communication problem at Nissan concerns no shared vision or strategy throughout the company. Staff doesnt know what the top management is doing and top management doesnt know what the other managers and employees are doing. This may lead to a company that doesnt move in the same direction as the employees dont know the direction they should work. This problem stems from the national culture problem that groups dont talk to each other, and only worry about how their own department is doing. What Ghosn did to enlist support To handle the above problems Ghosn made three principles that transcended all cultures in the firm. These were: 1. Transparency 2. Execution 95%, strategy 5% 3. Communication These principles were used to give employees structure and give guidance on what to keep in mind when managing the company in the future. Ghosn was surprised how fast the employees at every level adapted to the new management process. But he also saw the cultural problem as a challenge and he Tina Nielsen Strategy Execution 48-hour exam 050684-1216 CM-J41 Oktober 29th 2010 Page | 7 stated that it was important to respect the employees culture. This led to the following initiatives: The first thing Ghosn did was to ensure that the people that accompanied him from Renault had the same respect and attitude for Nissan and the Japanese culture as him. He initiated long discussions with several hundred managers in order to get an insight on the day-to-day operations. He turned the resistance into feedback and used the conversations with managers as a resource to find the optimal solutions (Ford 2009). After these discussions he developed a program which encouraged the employees at Nissan to contribute recommendations for the company. This replaced outside hiring and Ghosn hoped this induced motivation. This program called Cross-Functional-Teams (CFT) consisted of 10 members from different departments. The groups also contributed to better insight across the different departments, and moved away from the imploded relationships in the company (Krackhardt 2000). It also gave the employees a better insight of the company as a whole. The groups developed a new corporate culture from the best elements of the Japanese culture (case:C551). Working in these groups also helped the managers to think in new ways and share ideas across departments. Ghosn created a matrix structure so every employee had two bosses; this improved the transparency and communication between the departments and also the awareness of both functional and regional problems. Ghosn disciplined employees strongly for inaccurate and poor data; he wanted employees to take responsibility. This was to stimulate risk taking and personal accountability. Ghosn created a system of if you contribute there will be opportunity and reward (case: C553) These initiatives and the fact that Japanese respect leadership helped Ghosn to incorporate his new management process in the corporate culture. Tina Nielsen Strategy Execution 48-hour exam 050684-1216 CM-J41 Oktober 29th 2010 Page | 8 National culture The Japanese culture is very incorporated in every company in Japan as so in Nissan, and it is hard not to affect Ghosn. The national culture has challenged Ghosn both on the personnel side and the financial side. The following are listing some of the Japanese cultures impact on Nissan: The keiretsu philosophy à   tying up capital of $4 billion Cultural consensus of group harmony creates efficiency à   no awareness of what is going on outside own group (Imploded relationship; Krackhardt 2000) Finger pointing à   no one accepted responsibility. Blamed everyone but themselves. Acceptance rather that responsibility because culture protects career advancement Nemawashi à   informal meetings before information meetingsà   no individual to blame Hampered risk-taking and slowed decision making at all levels. Routine, details and concepts with no sense of urgency slowed decision making and created no risk taking As Ghosn states: The Japanese are so organized and know how to make the best of things. The respect leadership. (Case:C550) Ghosn had a very open mind when entering the job, for instance he didnt wanted to learn much about the Japan before he came, because he didnt wanted to get any preconceived ideas (case: C546). Ghosn had also worked at four different continents and spoke five different languages, which indicates that he has an open mind to cultural differences and that he is used to work in different cultures. You can say that Ghosn is multicultural. This helped Ghosn to reduce the difference between his culture and Nissans culture, and thereby didnt induce deep cultural differences. Tina Nielsen Strategy Execution 48-hour exam 050684-1216 CM-J41 Oktober 29th 2010 Page | 9 Culture as a helper or hindrance Culture was both a helper and a hindrance for Ghosn. The hindrance consisted of how deep Japanese culture where incorporated in Nissan, such as no responsibility, accountability and risk taking from employees and the keiretsu philosophy. The respect for leadership was a big helper for Ghosn, as the employees at every level where willing to change their mind and embrace new ideas. Ghosn himself was very surprised that the acceptance of change happened that quickly. The way Ghosn embraced the cultural difference was: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ by accepting and building on strengths of the different cultures, all employees, including Ghosn himself, would be given a chance to grow personally through the consideration of different perspectives. (case: C550). This way Ghosn made culture into an opportunity and not a hindrance for managing Nissan. Luck and timing One of the most powerful impacts on strategy execution is the capital market (BowerGilbert 2007). One of the reasons that Nissan needed help was the Asian financial crisis, where the devaluation of the yen/USD had a big impact on Nissans keiretsu investments. This meant that Nissan should find a new partner in the automobile industry to avoid a credit rating as junk. They also needed new capital and new ideas. The financial house, Yamaichi, went bankrupt at the same time Ghosn arrived to Japan, and where not helped by the government. This sent a message to Nissans employees that they should not be sure of having a job if Nissan proceed with their operations as usually. Ghosn also took advantage of the situation by using the Yamaichi example any time possible. Renault looked for a partner, as they wanted to exploit the Japanese and the North American market to enhance their global position. Another reason was to reduce their dependency of the European market. In May 1998 Renault merged with DaimlerCrysler, which led to a sense of urgency of finding a partner to compete more Tina Nielsen Strategy Execution 48-hour exam 050684-1216 CM-J41 Oktober 29th 2010 Page | 10 globally. If Renault didnt alliance with Nissan, Ghosn would never have been COO of Nissan. Another thing is that Ghosn came to Renault in 1996, if the alliance were made before that, Ghosn would not have been the leader of the changes. If the alliance were made in the beginning of his career at Renault it is not sure that Ghosn would have got the job. All these events have resulted in the success of Nissan turning their deficit to a profit. If these events where not happening at the same time, it is not certain that the success Ghosn experienced would have happened. I dont think than Ghosn could have had the same success a few years earlier, as the Yamaichi bankruptcy changed Nissans employees mindset referring to their job security. Renault would probably not have been looking for an alliance partner (and Ghosn would not have been in Nissan), if they hadnt got the need of a global position on the world market, which they urgently got in 1998 after the merger with DaimlerChrysler. The conclusion is that both luck and timing of many elements affects the success of changes. Evaluation My opinion of Carlos Ghosns approach to turning Nissan around is that it was the right way to do it. Ghosn knew that he had to respect the national culture, and he knew that he had to lead the employees being heard. The latter is often a reason why resistance occurs, because it is the employees that know the day-to-day operations and know what can be done (Ford 2009). A key initiative he imposes was the CFT, which should enforce communication and motivation: He (red.Ghosn) felt that if the employees could accomplish the revival by their own hands, the confidence in the company as a whole and motivation would again flourish. (Case:C550) Tina Nielsen Strategy Execution 48-hour exam 050684-1216 CM-J41 Oktober 29th 2010 Page | 11 This was very clever as the CFT accepted the firing of the 21,000 employees. This was accepted of the employees because if the CFT agreed on that, then it must be right, or else they wouldnt have fired people. If it was Ghosn alone that made the decision, employees may not have been accepting that as fast, and resistance would have appeared. The way Ghosn approached the Japanese culture were with humility and respect, this was necessary in a country where culture is as important as in Japan. Literature Ford, J. D. and Ford, L. W. (2009). Decoding resistance to change. Harvard Business Review, 87(4), 99-103 Kaplan, R. S. and Norton, D. P.(2006).How to implement a new strategy without disrupting your organization. Harvard Business Review, 84(3), 100-109 Krackhardt, D. and Hanson, J. R.(1993).Informal networks: the company behind the chart. Harvard Business Review, July/August, 104-111 Bower, J. L. and Gilbert, C. G. (2007). How managers everyday decisions create or destroy your companys strategy.Harvard Business Review, 85(2), 72-79

Chronicle of a death foretold :: English Literature:

Chronicle of a death foretold Chronicle of a death foretold by Gabriel Garcia Marquez is a fictitious novel. It was originally written in Spanish but was later translated to English. The story began on the morning of Santiago Nasar’s murder. We are being told the story in first person view by an unnamed narrator who has witness the events that occurred. I think there is a surreal and repetitive tone; I get the feeling that the narrator is investigating the murder because we are told the story years later from an omniscient point of view and all the characters’ thoughts are shared. There were two main themes that I noticed. The main theme was how unpowerful the women are in the story. This is shown when Marquez writes "The brothers were brought up to be men. The girls were brought up to be married.† This excerpt shows the severity of the lives women lead in the reserved Colombian culture of the town. A woman's worthiness as a wife was measured by her beauty in conjunction with her ability to gracefully run all aspects of a household. The idea that the woman in a marriage is expected to suffer is significant-no woman enters marriage expecting to be happiness unless she is fortunate enough to love whichever man decides to court her. In this Spanish culture, unlike Western culture, marriage is not based on love. There is also the importance of cultural traditions like honor. The twin brothers murder Santiago Nasar because he took their sister’s virginity away. Also, I became aware the there in an emphasis on the dream that Santiago had, with the trees and the weather on the day he was murdered. Some recalled that it rained and some said that it was sunny. One technique used in the story as a motif as magic realism. This is the incorporation of fantastic or mythical into realistic fiction. I noticed that Marquez keeps on repeating the murder before it occurred, this helped to build suspense. From the second chapter I understood that the narrator implies that Santiago is innocent for the crime he dies for. But if he is innocent, then who took Angela Vicario’s virginity? The brutality of the social conventions surrounding women becomes clear in this chapter. Because she was not a virgin when she married, not only is Angela abandoned by her husband, but she is beaten by her mother. The double standards of her culture are highlighted by the fact that the narrator, Santiago and some other friends are all at a whorehouse doing whatever they please. This novel reminded me of the difficulty of understanding events.

Need of Education Essay

Examples: a) School qualifications > no training > semiskilling > work b) School qualifications > apprenticeship > skilled worker/skilled employee c) Lower/intermediate secondary school qualifications > apprenticeship > master craftsman d) University entrance qualifications > apprenticeship > additional training > occupation e) University entrance qualifications > apprenticeship > higher education > executive position f) University entrance qualifications > higher education > executive position These examples illustrate that there are two ways of looking at the benefits of training. The first, which is marginal in one sense, answers the question of what benefits are to be obtained from adding a further stage to the training path already completed. The second is more typical and concerned with the incomes to be obtained from specific training routes. A comparison is made between the incomes attained at 30 years of age and those resulting from the next lower training path. This may be, for example, the benefits of an enterprise-based apprenticeship on the road to an academic qualification (path 6 compared with path 5). The additional income minus the costs of training produces (allowing for interest) the return on the training investment. From a macroeconomic viewpoint, investments in education and training are, to a certain degree, investments in the infrastructure, and the return on such investments becomes apparent only in the long term. The concept of benefits also includes other aspects which need to be kept apart. It is helpful in the first instance to distinguish between the benefits resulting from the efficiency of the education system and its quantitative performance, on the one hand, and the benefits in terms of subsequent yields (economic growth, low unemployment, tax revenues) on the other. The efficiency benefit is the ability of the education and training system to train the younger generation in â€Å"suitable† institutions so as to minimize the costs of students repeating classes or dropping out of higher education and thus reduce excessively long education and training periods. The benefits from vocational education and training are also associated with the allocative functions of the labour market. One function of vocational education and training is to ensure that the supply of labour matches demand. A training system should at least produce approximately those qualifications which are required on the labour market. There are therefore two sides to the benefits of investments in training. In formal terms, the benefit is the return on a long-term investment, but this return results from the allocative effects of the labour market. It would be an excessively narrow perspective if researchers were to look only at the return on investment in terms of human capital. And concentrating exclusively on the allocative aspects of the labour market would ignore the fact that education and training are an investment in themselves. There is also a third aspect to consider. Return on investment calculations can normally encompass only the direct costs and benefits, i. e. the returns of the first type. But investments in education and training also have effects on other areas. There may be positive or negative effects of a second type. Positive (synergy) effects occur when investments in education and training at one point raise productivity at another. These include in particular education and training investments which equip their recipients to work in research and development. Negative secondary effects occur in the form of redundancies when lesser qualified employees are replaced by their more qualified counterparts. There are numerous ways in which expenses may be refunded for training outside the workplace (refunding), e. g. by employers and employment offices. These refunds are deducted from individual expenses in the costs model (cf.Figure 6, p. 232). The survey aimed, first, to establish the direct costs, i. e. expenses directly associated with the continuing training measure as such (course and event fees, spending on learning materials, travelling expenses, board and lodging, cost of child care where applicable, and all other costs directly associated with participation in continuing training programmes). The survey also looked at indirect, or opportunity, costs. Unlike direct costs, indirect costs entail no expenses, but arise in the form of lost earnings (e. g.  unpaid leave or reduced working hours for continuing training purposes, but not the hypothetical earnings of someone who was previously unemployed) and the loss of leisure time. The leisure time lost consists of that time spent exploring the market, the time invested in the actual training programme, travelling time, preparation and follow-up and, in some cases, paid leave. However, the yardsticks used to convert the loss of leisure time into fictitious costs are ultimately based entirely on random decisions. Even the net income earned from employment, which would be a plausible choice, does not provide a suitable measure here. Either the individual may not consider taking paid employment during leisure time – unless it is moonlighting – or may regard it as a consumer good rather than a loss of leisure time. For this reason, the BIBB survey was limited to recording the amount of leisure time lost and no attempt was made to place a monetary value on it. Neither was it possible to apply any rules for evaluating the benefits. While it is quite clear that the â€Å"profitability† of continuing training is determined by the benefits, the input encompasses not only the time and money invested, but also the physical and mental exertion associated with learning. Private individuals, just like companies, are willing to subject themselves to continuing training only if it yields overall â€Å"rewards†. But these rewards depend on whether the training is a consumer good and the benefits are to be found in actual consumption, or whether it has been chosen for career, i. e. economic, reasons. Economic benefits may arise in many different ways: continuing training may serve to refresh knowledge, to adjust to new developments, to secure promotion and raise status, or else to avoid unemployment. Another consideration is that the benefits are normally not yet visible at the actual time of training. Those who opt for continuing training hope it will secure them promotion or save them from unemployment. Whether these objectives are actually attained emerges at a later stage. It is therefore objectively impossible to isolate the economic benefits of continuing training from other benefit factors. For this reason the survey was limited to presenting the respondents with a list of benefits and asking them to rate their importance in qualitative terms. http://www. cedefop. europa. eu/EN/Files/RR1_Kau. pdf.

Author Technique Questions in SAT Reading Strategies

Author Technique Questions in SAT Reading Strategies SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Author technique questions are some of the rarer questions you will see on the SAT Reading section. In this article, I’ll go through what these questions look like and how to solve them step by step. Note: The advice in this article is still relevant for the current SAT (March 2016 and beyond); however, some of the examples have not yet been updated for the new test. What is an Author Technique Question? Author technique questions will ask about the author’s tone or the passage's mood in a Reading passage.These types of questions are relatively rare on the SAT, but they do come up at least a couple of times per test. Here’s an example: The author mentions "sharpener shavings" (line 10) in order to portray a mood of A. unrestrained joyB. sentimental reminiscenceC. bitter disappointmentD. cautious optimismE. dark foreboding Author technique questions are a subset of inference questions. This is because you have to understand the information in the passage and then take it a step further to make an inference about what feelings the author has toward the subject (tone) or what feelings she is trying to instill in the reader through her writing (mood). However, as with all other SAT Reading questions, you should still be able to find clear evidence for your answer in the passage. How Do I Solve These Types of Questions? Step 1: Carefully Read the Question First, read the question and figure out what it’s asking.If it asks for tone, it wants the answer that best describes the feelings the author has toward her subject.If it asks for mood, it wants the answer that best describes the feeling the specified part of the passage conveys to the reader. Step 2: Read the Lines Referenced in the Question Go back to the passage and look over the lines the question is referencing.I would recommend reading the whole paragraph around whichever line is referenced in the question so you get a full picture of the tone or mood in that section of the passage. Step 3: Think about the Tone or Mood Before you read the answer choices, think for yourself about what the general tone or mood of that section of the passage is.For questions like the example question above, look at where and how the phrase mentioned in the question is used and to what effect. Try to find key descriptive words that indicate the tone or mood and imply connotation. It's often helpful to identify positive or negative connotation for the tone or mood first in order to eliminate a couple of answers that definitely don't fit. Step 4: Go Through the Answer Choices, and Eliminate 4 Once you have a preliminary idea of the tone or mood in the passage, look at the answer choices.Eliminate any that obviously don’t fit based on your judgments about connotation.Then, look at the remaining choices and get more specific with your assessment so you can get rid of four choices.Try to find approximate synonyms for the answer choices in the passage - you should be able to come up with direct evidence for your answer. Now that we know the steps, let’s try and solve a question for real! SO PUMPED. Author Technique in Action Ready? Ok, here’s the question: The author's overall tone in this passage is best described as one of A. jubilationB. frustrationC. curiosityD. appreciationE. uncertainty First, we'll read the question over carefully. This is a tone question, and it’s going to be asking about the passage as a whole.We need to look for the author’s treatment of the subject of the passage and how she feels about it. Now let’s read over the passage: In between school days, we gathered hazelnuts, fished, had long deer-hunting weekends, went to powwows, beaded on looms, and made quilts. I did not question the necessity or value of our school education, but somehow I grew up knowing it wasn't the only education I would need. I'm thankful for those experiences of my Anishinaabe heritage, because now I now by heart not only the national anthem, but the ancient song of the loon. I recognize not only the alphabet and the parts of an English sentence, but the intricate language of a beaver's teeth and tail. The author is talking about her experiences growing up and learning skills relevant to her heritage that she wouldn’t otherwise have learned in school or anywhere else.What might the tone of the passage be? Well, the author definitely seems to have a positive impression of these experiences. We see direct evidence for this when she says â€Å"I’m thankful for those experiences of my Anishinaabe heritage.† It sounds likeshe is grateful for the opportunity she had to learn the skills described in the passage and proud of her heritage.Now that we have our basic idea of the tone, let’s see which answer choices we can eliminate. Choice A: jubilation The author is pleased with her learning experiences, but saying she has a tone of jubilation seems a little extreme.Do we see any words in the passage that indicate jubilation or uncontrolled joy? No, the tone is definitely more measured (calm) than that. Eliminate this one! Choice B: frustration This seems wrong right away because frustration has a negative connotation.The author is not frustrated with the learning experiences she had as a result of her heritage - she says herself that she is thankful for them. There's nothing in the passage that indicates frustration on the part of the author. Cross it out! Choice C: curiosity This could be a tricky one.The author does betray a curious personality because she is interested in learning about a variety of different things.However, even if curiosity might describe the author accurately, it doesn’t describe the tone of the passage. The feelings she presents toward the subject of the passage are nostalgia and gratefulness, not curiosity about her experiences. Get rid of this one too! Choice D: appreciation This choice matches with what we originally thought about the tone.The author even says â€Å"I’m thankful for those experiences† when referring to the descriptions of her childhood in the passage.She clearly appreciates having learned about her heritage and the skills that go along with it in tandem with her standard education. Keep this one! Choice E: uncertainty This answer doesn’t fit with the tone. It has a slightly negative connotation, and there's no evidence for any uncertainty in the passage. The author's feelings about her experiences are clearly stated. This one's wrong! Looks like Choice D is our answer! Did you know loons have red eyes? As if the sound of their "ancient song" wasn't creepy enough. You’ll notice that the key here was to look for direct evidence of tone in the passage.Tone and mood questions trip people up because they seem like they are ambiguous and subjective.Remember that SAT Reading can’t ask you any questions where the answers aren’t concretely supported in the text. For tone and mood questions, always look for keywords in the passage that point to the author’s feelings or the feelings she is trying to instill in the audience.Often you will find close synonyms for the correct answer choice like we did above with â€Å"thankful† and â€Å"appreciation†. You should at the very least be able to determine positive or negative connotation in the tone or mood, which usually helps to eliminate two or three incorrect answer choices. Summary Author Technique questions ask about tone and mood in an SAT Reading passage. To answer an author technique question, you should: 1. Read the question carefully2. Read the lines referenced in the question3. Make a preliminary judgment about the tone or mood4. Read the answer choices, and eliminate four based on the evidence in the passage Remember, even though tone and mood may seem like subjective things, on the SAT there is no ambiguity in answers.Look for direct evidence that points to your answer choice - if you can find it, you will get these questions right every time! What's Next? Want more skills-focused SAT Reading articles? Start with these articles on inference questions and big picture questions, or jump right into our ultimate guide to SAT Reading! What's the best way to get information out of a passage on SAT Reading? Find out the best way to read the passage and what's actually on SAT Reading. Learn the strategies you should be using to score an 800 on SAT Reading. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Reading lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

critically consider whether evidence justifies a distiction between STM and LTM essays

critically consider whether evidence justifies a distiction between STM and LTM essays Critically consider whether evidence justifies Memory is a working process that enables us to learn and benefit from past experience. There are three stages of process, registration, storage and retrieval. Some Psychologists have undertaken research to show there is a distinction between STM and LTM. Atkinson and Shiffrin introduced the Multi Store Model that supports the fact that the STM and the LTM are different. The LTM is a permanent store while the STM is only temporary. The Multi Store Model proposes that information must pass through the sensory store and the short term store before it can be transferred into the long term store and become part of a long term memory. Atkinson and Shiffrin propose to transfer information form the STm to the LTM rehearsal must be undertaken. The evidence that supports the Multi Store Model includes two component tasks, coding and braindamaged patients. Two component tasks involves asking subjects to remember a list of words and asking them to repeat them using free recall. In conclusion to the experiment it showed that subjects recall items form the end of the list first and get more of these right, this is known as the regency effect which is connected to recall from the STM. The experiment also showed that items form the start of the list are recalled quite well but not as well as those at the end of this list. This is known as the Primacy effect which is connected to recall from the LTM. However the experiment showed that the words in the middle of the list were those that the subjects remembered least of. Many Psychologists own experiments and theories support the Atkinson and Shiffrins idea of rehearsing, including Brown and Peterson who carried out an experiment giving subjects sets of three consonants to remember. They found that if the subjects were allowed to rehearse, the experiment was easy, ...

This era's three presidents, Theodore Roosevelt, William Taft, and Essay

This era's three presidents, Theodore Roosevelt, William Taft, and Woodrow Wilson, presided over a federal government beginning to assert its power to regulate - Essay Example In 1902 he cajoled Republican conservatives into creating the Bureau of Corporations with the power to investigate businesses engaged in interstate commerce but without regulatory powers. He also resurrected the nearly defunct Sherman Antitrust Act by bringing a successful suit to break up a huge railroad conglomerate, the Northern Securities Company. Roosevelt pursued this policy of "trust-busting" by initiating suits against 43 other major corporations during the next seven years. Also in 1902 Roosevelt intervened in the anthracite coal strike when it threatened to cut off heating fuel for homes, schools, and hospitals. This was the first time that a president had publicly intervened in a labour dispute at least implicitly on the side of workers. Roosevelt characterized his actions as striving toward a "Square Deal" between capital and labour. Roosevelt's boldest actions came in the area of natural resources. At his urging, Congress created the Forest Service (1905) to manage gover nment-owned forest reserves (Encyclopedia Britannica Online). William Howard Taft became President after Roosevelt. While agreeing with the overall policies of the Roosevelt administration, Taft felt that the power of the Presidency had been extended too far by the previous administration. Taft exerted his power to a much lesser degree. Often that was deemed by the progressive Roosevelt supporters as an abandonment of principles. Thus a major rift developed in the Republican Party. During his long government career, he served as Governor of the Philippines, Secretary of War, President of the United States and Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court. He is the only man in U.S. history to have been both President and Chief Justice. Taft was committed to lowering tariffs, and when elected, he called Congress into a special session to this end. Congress succeeding in reducing the average tariff from 46 to 41 percent. However, special interest groups managed to raise the tariff on several items. Taft was an avid enforcer of the anti-trust policies of the Roosevelt administration. He repeatedly instituted the number of anti-trust suits brought against monopolist corporations. During his term of office, two of the biggest monopolies were broken - Standard Oil Company and the American Tobacco Company. Under Taft, the federal government for the first time began the regulation of the telephone and telegraph industries. The government also obtained the authority to fix interstate commerce rates. Taft maintained an activist approach to foreign policy. On one hand, he was the initiator of what became known as Dollar Diplomacy, in which the United States used its military might to promote American business interests abroad. Taft defended his Dollar Diplomacy as an extension of the Monroe Doctrine. Taft was a major supporter of arbitration as the most viable method of settling international disputes (History Central). The most visible legacy of Taft's Chief Justiceship is the Supreme Court Building, for which he lobbied. As Chief Justice, Taft's tenure was marked by hard work and by efforts for judicial reform. Taft was concerned about the delay and inefficiency in the federal court system. His first task was to secure the passage of The Judges Act in 1922. The act was the first major reform of the federal judiciary since 1789. It gave the Chief Justice more power over the

Bullying in Schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Bullying in Schools - Essay Example This study declares that victims of bullying in school have been shown to manifest a higher risk of social maladjustment. The good news is that because bullying behavior typically occurs on a recurrent basis between two individuals who know each other, it is one of the few conditions that can also often be identified and prevented, perhaps with the result of a reduction in criminal behavior among adults.   However, before teachers and administrators can reduce the long-term effects caused by bullying schools, they must first be informed as to the prevalence, development and identification of the problem to instill in them an appreciation of the seriousness of the problem and then be provided with knowledge of those approaches that have proven to reduce these behaviors among schoolchildren.  This research stresses that  the term ‘bullying’ is used to denote a specific behavior pattern statistically occurring most often among boys but that can occur among girls as we ll.   â€Å"Bullying is characterized by bigger and stronger youngsters ‘victimizing’ their peers through the repeated use of negative actions, such as physical, verbal or relational aggression†.  Despite noted differences in bullying behavior noted among grade levels, other research determined that the patterns of bullying and the social rejection that results from this type of behavior are established early.  A child with overly aggressive tendencies will quickly become labeled as a bully and will be socially rejected from the group, contributing to further disruptive behavior.   

Frederic Chopin And Polonaises Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Frederic Chopin And Polonaises - Essay Example The Polonaise first appeared in Poland around the sixteenth century as a court dance that is sort of a procession where all the company passes in a stream and then defiles in pairs with movements. He left eighteen works in the genre with sixteen piano Polonaises, one for piano and cello and one for piano and orchestra. Their style changed over time evolving from conventional salon miniatures to some expansive dance poems. Chopin started a new chapter in the history of the genre with the Polonaises, Op. 26. Henceforth, he abandoned conventional stylizations. Each of the seven works has its own distinctive shape, pianistic expression, and style. The features of an authentic polonaise are 3/4 time, typical rhythmic formulas, a moderate tempo and a distinguished character (Ted, 22). He completed 2 Polonaises in 1835, Op. 26, in C sharp minor and Polonaise in E flat minor, marked by strong dramatic elements. In 1838-1839 he composed 2 Polonaises, Op. 40in A major and C minor. The A major has features of the heroic polonaise while the C minor is elegiac and tragic in expression. The other three polonaises are grand dance poems which are removed from earlier conventions of the genre and form. In1841 he composed Polonaise in F sharp minor, Op. 44. It is close in its epic-dramatic gesture as to the idea of Romantic fantasy as well as it is unusual in the appearance of a mazurka in its middle section which is a contrasting lyrical passage. In 1842-1843 he composed Polonaise in A flat major, Op. 53.

Advancements of Tourniquets in the Iraqi War Essay Example for Free

Advancements of Tourniquets in the Iraqi War Essay Background of the War The name of the Second Gulf War has often been referred with the Iraq War, which has begun from March 20, 2003 and is still deteriorating lives of millions of people in the Iraqi region of the world. In the year 2003, invasion of Iraq was led by the United States of America, and this war is still ongoing, which has affected the world adversely. Development of weapons of mass destruction was one of the main rationales that were presented by the government of the George W. Bush, as well as, his supporters in the form of different Democratic and Republican parties. (Danchev, pg. 62-65) According to the Bush government, allies and interests of the United States posed a threat from the development of abovementioned weapons by the Iraq. In the year 2003, it was claimed during the State of the Union Address by the President George W. Bush that there was no time to wait for the imminence of the threat from the Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein. However, such weapons were not found by the United States after the invasion of the Iraq. In order to support the decision of the Bush’s government, connection was made between the al-Qaeda and Saddam Hussein by the citing of their claims. (Murray, pg. 71-73)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another reason for the invasion of Iraq   Ã‚  given by the George W. Bush was the democracy in the Iraq, which was necessary for the development, as well as, stability of the country due to the abuse that was being done by the government of the Saddam Hussein in the Iraq in terms of human rights before the invasion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many forms have been observed in the casualties of the war in Iraq since March 2003 until present. In addition, great variation has been noted in the available information, as well as, its accuracy and validity regarding the occurrence of different types of incidents that have resulted in different types of casualties in the Iraq.   Even in the great variation, it is confirmed that the Iraq War has deteriorated and terminated thousands of lives and damaged houses and habitats of many lives in the region. One of the reasons of this deterioration was the opposition and criticism of the war by a number of experts, professionals, critics, and even the Americans. A range of serious health issues, as well as, mental disorders has been reported by many veterans of the Iraq War in the United States forces. Tumors, migraines, blood in urine, muscle pains, dysfunction of the sex, and a number of issues have been reported by the coalition forces in the Iraq. In this regard, utilization of radioactive depleted uranium has been found to be causing the abovementioned health issues and disorders in the coalition forces, which cannot be stopped during the war. Thus, the Iraq War has provided a number of serious losses to the United States government. (Murray, pg. 99-100) (Abrams, pg. 101-111) Over nineteen thousand casualties have been suffered by the military of the United States, as the fourth year started on March 19, 2006 during the war in Iraq. All these casualties included a broken leg, or a broken arm, which created a sense of fear and opposition in the Iraqi, as well as, American civilians. A number of American soldiers were sent to their homes with one leg, or one hand that changed their lives from their scratch. A soldier, who used to protect the country, now can look in the sky and dream of doing the same, while sitting on his wheel chair. This was the condition of many soldiers in the United States. (Danchev, pg. 50-52) This resulted in the hatred towards the Bush government, and towards the decision of sending American soldiers in the Iraq. (Abrams, pg. 91-101)   To help this kind of dreadful situation, the US Army started to provide their troops with a special kind of tool, a Tourniquet, which was designed to help the soldiers to save a limb thus saving their lives. What are tourniquets? To explain in simple words, a tourniquet is a piece of cloth and a stick, which is used to stop the flow of blood if a person faces emergency. These simple types of tourniquets were used in the 18th century. The exact and modern definition of a tourniquet is a device that works on the principle of compression and uses pressure to be applied on the wounded limb that blocks the circulation of blood in the specific area and prevents the flow of blood for a certain period. (Klenerman, pp. 33-36) With the advancement of technology and research, various types of tourniquets were introduced. Modern surgical types of tourniquets are being very popular because of their convenient mode of operation and availability. There are two types of tourniquets being used, one of the types uses a cloth or a piece or rubber and the other make use of gas to apply pressure. The number of limb-deprived soldiers was increasing day by day; to help solve this problem the US Army widened the use of tourniquets. (Abrams, pp. 40-44) Before the discovery of the highly effective tourniquet, the soldiers were using the basic field expedient tourniquet, which uses a cloth and stick to help control the flow of blood.   The Pentagon made every possible effort to provide every soldier present in Iraq with a standard tourniquet. The tourniquets were saving lives and the lives were stopped from being wasted unnecessarily. Data indicated that the soldiers that were not using the tourniquets and were not equipped with the tourniquets died, in a way, unnecessarily. In the year 2005, a newly designed tourniquet named as â€Å"The special operations Forces Tactical Tourniquet† (SOFTT) was issued to the soldiers in Iraq. This type of tourniquet was designed to be used using a single hand so that the soldier is able to apply the tourniquet all by him without needing any help. The SOFTT replaced the field expedient method. The field expedient method was also proving itself beneficial but SOFTT was even better. The number of casualties was also decreasing because SOFTT was also helping to save time. The SOFTT was reported to be very effective and useful in injuries that were hard to reach. The strap of SOFFT can be released completely and can be rethreaded; this allows it to be applied on limbs that are trapped. The SOFFT makes use of two latches, one is needed to provide effective use for the tourniquet while the other provides ability for securing the limb after the tightening..In order to use the SOFFT it is needed to be slide up on the limb and the pulling of the tail right after application. In order to be secure the screws must be tightened. The device remains in use until the bleeding is stopped. During these times another invention by US Army institute of surgical research came forth, which was the â€Å"Combat Application tourniquet† .This type uses a system of windlass with an internal band that provides pressure to the wounded limb. After tightening, the windlass is to be locked when the blood flow is stopped. A strap made of Velcro is then used to keep the windlass in place. The Combat Application Tourniquet (CAT) was tested in 2004 at the US Army institute of surgical research with the other eight tourniquets available in the â€Å"Tourniquet off† .It was marked as the most effective tourniquet and it topped the list . It was easy to use hence it was recommended for use in the army. CAT was placed on the top of the â€Å"TOP 10 GREATEST INVENTIONS THIS YEAR† by the Army in 2005. Before SOFFT and CAT were introduced, the tourniquets were being used but they included the conventional cravat and stick types’ .The soldiers during their training periods were taught to use the conventional types that belong to the American civil war period. An unfortunate incident, proving the significance of tourniquets occurred with an Army medic who was climbing to reach the helicopter in Baqoubah in Iraq when suddenly bullets seared through his left thigh. As he lay beside his helicopter, he took hold of a tourniquet inside his pocket and immediately slide it on to his wounded thigh and the tourniquet worked efficiently in stopping the bleeding. Hence, the device, which was once considered extremely low tech, ended up saving yet another life in this high tech world. (Klenerman, pp. 65-66) If USAISR had not created such an invention, there would have been no effective tourniquet. Tourniquets are still being used widely and they are proving to be functional when it comes to saving lives, since there is no useful device available on the battlefield to save lives. There is a great deal of increase in the use of tourniquets during the Iraq war. The tourniquet, which has gained immense popularity, is the CAT and is still in use by the soldiers until date. The CAT was also made available for use for the civilians. In case of extreme traumas, CAT can be used as a lifesaver. (Taliaferro, pp. 22-25) Now, the Army doctors state that the use of tourniquets in the battlefield cannot be dispensed and they are striving to design even better and modern tourniquets to facilitate self first aid on the battlefield. Conclusively, we have discussed that a device that works on the principle of compression and uses pressure to be applied on the wounded limb that blocks the circulation of blood in the specific area and prevents the flow of blood for a certain period has been referred as a tourniquet. It is a hope that this paper will help the students, professionals, and experts in the better understanding of the tourniquet, as well as, its significance in the Iraqi war. References Alex Danchev. (2005). the Iraq War and Democratic Politics. Routledge (UK). Irwin Abrams. (2003). the Iraq’s War and its Consequences. World Scientific. Leslie Klenerman. (2004). the Tourniquet Manual. Springer. William Hay Taliaferro. (1972). Medicine and the War. Ayer Publishing. Williamson Murray. (2003). the Iraq War. Harvard University Press.